���，日文��「�」ふくろう，又�「木菟」みみずく。
「ふく」�日文的「福」同音，又「ふ」是「不」的意思，「くろう」是「苦�」的意思，合起�就是「不辛苦」。因此，日本人很喜�在家��放吊����的�品（西班牙人也有����），藉以招�幸福。（�：七小福）
在日本首相府屋�上有���雕像，�象徵首相要具�的「智慧」。（�：由日本首相府�站下�，加以整合）
１９９８年在日本�野�行的冬季���，吉祥物是四�色彩不 同表情各�的���。（�：拍�自�野冬��念Ｔ恤）
http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/wu5wu5wu5-owlstribe555/article?mid=174&prev=183&next=169
在此，我們鮮少提及護髮的議題，畢竟大家較關心的是髮量而非髮質。在此提供一個天然的護髮成分--椰子油，可以讓受損的頭髮變得更健康，注重髮質的朋友可參考。
有掉髮與頭髮變細的問題已經夠糟了。但是有易斷、纖細或是亂飄的細髮會讓事情變得更糟。許多人會選擇Rogaine的洗髮精，或是含有Ketoconazole的洗髮精當作療程輔助之用。但是Ketoconazole，特別是2%的，有一個常見的問題，就是會徹底的使頭皮變乾，也就是說，雖然它利用降低皮脂腺分泌，但長出細髮的問題仍是無法解決。
大多數人都不知道每次洗髮的時候，髮鞘的蛋白質其實是會流失的，經過一段時間之後，髮鞘的直徑就會縮小。洗髮後使用的護髮素只能短暫且在表面讓髮鞘變大。在洗髮前至少20分鐘以上，將椰子油局部塗抹在頭皮上，可以預防因為洗髮所造成的蛋白質流失。你只需要將椰子油按摩至頭皮與頭髮上，等個20分鐘，然後用任何一種洗髮精洗頭，再潤絲。不需要再用護髮素。
這樣做能使頭髮發亮而且可以維持好幾天，不管之後洗了幾次頭。你可以一個禮拜只有兩次洗髮前用椰子油，還能讓護髮的好處維持一整個禮拜。有朋友試著在去衝浪前用一些，因為太陽跟鹽事會傷害髮質的。結果發現，此方式可保有亮麗的頭髮，但是那些一起衝浪的朋友們的頭髮很像茅草屋屋頂(像稻草一樣)。
也有一說，使用椰子油護髮，可讓變髮變黑。對阿育吠陀醫學（一種結合食物、草藥和呼吸運動治療疾病的印度教傳統醫學）來說，椰子油可用來治療掉髮與白髮。誰知道呢?或許他們真的知道甚麼。美國筆者用的是特級初榨椰子油，不過Walmart有一個牌子叫LouAna，就便宜多了，一樣有效。我每天也服用兩湯匙的椰子油，因為它富含三烯生育醇，而根據一項研究顯示，它具有抗雄激素的效果。
椰子油在印度鄉下廣泛地被用來治療頭皮屑與頭蝨。有兩個研究證實椰子油確實有對抗頭蝨的功效。我們都知道抗微生物洗髮精也會有一些對抗掉髮的功用，所以局部外用的椰子油有可能不只是有美容效果而已。
這裡有一些關於椰子油保存蛋白質的效果的研究摘要：
J Cosmet Sci. 2003 Mar-Apr;54(2):175-92
(一)礦物油，葵花油，與椰子油對於預防髮質受損的效果 Effect of mineral oil, sunflower oil, and coconut oil on prevention of hair damage.
Rele AS, Mohile RB.
Research and Development Department, Nature Care Division, Marico Industries Ltd., Mumbai, India.
過去研究的結果顯示，不論是在活體內或活體外，椰子油(CNO)可以預防各種髮質因梳理所造成的傷害。我們使用相同的研究方式，試著去研究礦物油與葵花油使用在頭髮上的效果。我們選擇礦物油(MO)的理由是因為，在印度它被廣泛使用在髮油配方中；它本身不會油膩；而且它比椰子油和葵花油之類的植物油要便宜。研究也包括葵花油(SFO)因為它不會凝結而且在大氣溫度下沒有臭味，所以是髮油工業中，第二大常用的基礎油。因為我們的目的是要涵蓋不同的療法，還要研究各種髮質使用上述油類治療的效果，所以要進行的實驗數量非常的龐大，於是我們採用(田口實驗設計)Taguchi Design of Experimentation。研究發現指出，與葵花油跟礦物油相較之下，椰子油對頭髮有較強大的影響。梳洗前或梳洗後使用這三種油，椰子油是唯一一種能大大降低未受損與受損髮中蛋白質的流失。葵花油與礦物油一點也不能降低頭髮中蛋白質的流失。這些不同的結果是因為這些油的成分不同。椰子油，月桂酸的三酸甘油酯(主要脂肪酸)，對頭髮的蛋白質有很高的親和力，又因為它的分子量低而且是線性直鏈，所以可以滲透到髮鞘內。礦物油為碳氫(水)化合物，對蛋白質沒有親和力所以不能滲透進而達到較好的效果。至於葵花油，雖然它是亞麻油酸的三酸甘油酯，但因為它是雙鍵的笨重結構，所以不能滲透纖維，對於蛋白質的流失沒有較好的效果。
J Cosmet Sci. 2001 May-Jun;52(3):169-84
(二)用次級離子質譜分析髮檢查椰子油與礦物油對人類頭髮的滲透性：與髮質受損相關
Secondary ion mass spectrometric investigation of penetration of coconut and mineral oils into human hair fibers: relevance to hair damage.
Ruetsch SB, Kamath YK, Rele AS, Mohile RB.
TRI/Princeton, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
我們想要表現出椰子油與礦物油在人類頭髮上不同的滲透性。我們使用結合飛行時間質譜儀的次級離子質譜分析(SIMS)。利用質荷比(m/z value)辨別受到鎵離子撞擊的純化物所產生的主要離子。特別治療後所產生離子的分布，於使用椰子油與礦物油以後在頭髮的截面積上出現。研究結果顯示，椰子油可以穿透髮鞘但是礦物油不行。不同的結果可能是因為，相較之下椰子油有極性但是礦物油沒有極性。能夠滲透蛋白質的親和力可能是造成這它們不同極性表現的原因。研究也指出，頭髮膨脹受限於已經存在的油脂。因為頭髮膨脹與消脹是濕潤疲勞造成頭髮受損的原因之一，所以比礦物油更具滲透力的椰子油，或許能對溼潤疲勞造成的頭髮受損具有保護的作用。
J Cosmet Sci. 2005 Sep-Oct;56(5):283-95
(三)各種油類對人類頭髮纖維的滲透力調查。Investigation of penetration abilities of various oils into human hair fiber
Keis K, Persaud D, Kamath YK, Rele AS.
TRI Princeton, Princeton, NJ 08542, USA.
在這個研究中，我們探索頭髮纖維在使用不同油類情形下，毛細管的附著力。使用椰子油與葵花油時，毛細管附著力下降，但是礦物油則否。使用熱度可以進一步降低椰子油與葵花油的附著力。但是，礦物油一樣不行。根據先前的研究，椰子油可以滲透到頭髮內但是礦物油不行，所以我們假設，毛細管附著力的降低是因為油滲透到纖維內部，之後在頭髮表面只留下一層薄膜。這種毛細管黏著力的降低可以解釋為拉普拉絲壓力與纖維之間液體介質橋接形成處的改變。我們用側角光度測量分別確認使用過椰子、葵花與礦物油後頭髮表層的薄油膜。厚油膜(厚度超過0.5microm左右)則會覆蓋鱗片結構。當油被吸收到頭髮內，油膜隨著熱度變薄，然後就可以看到鱗片結構。這樣的改變可以簡單地以現有的側角光度方法測量鱗片角度來做確認。這兩種方法一致的情形下就可以確認頭髮纖維間毛細管附著力的降低有可能是因為頭髮吸收油質所產生的油膜變薄。
By iwanthair's blog & Jinny
Define the term 'Management' and discuss the four (4) functions of management (Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling).
Management is the process of achieving a goal effectively and efficiently. Davidson et al. (2010, p.5) stated that "Although there are many definition of Management, it is at least as complex as 'PLOC': planning, organizing, leading and controlling." These processes are undergone by three levels of managers. They are top manager, meddle manager and the front-line manager. They need to communicate and cooperate with each other to finish the work. Hence they will use all the resources from the company to reach the target.
In a business, high effectiveness means that the result is very close to the original expect. High efficiency means that the whole work is very productive. A good management should strike a balance between effectiveness and efficiency because it will cause much waste when it is high effective but low efficient. On the other hand, high efficient but low effective will cause low attachment. It is very difficult to have a successful business. According to Jones and George (2006, pp.4-5), one of the successful example is Steve Job, who was the CEO of Apple Company. He developed the iPod and helped the company got over the crisis. And then he continued to develop the Mac computer, iPhone and iPad. The company can be almost as strong as Google Company in a short period. His amazing management skill is one of the main reason. He did an excellent job in the four function of management.
Planning is the first step of the four functions. Managers will need to define goal and make a few plans to reach it. As situation always changes, manager need to change and develop the plan in different situation. The main reason for this function is to ensure the whole project is kept in focus. All these help the manager to make a decision. However, just like Jones and George (2006, p.4) said in the book about management "Management is an unpredictable process. Making the right decision is difficult." Managers need to see the trend, know the most of the people's favorite, understand the other companies' strategy, etc. There are lots of things that need to be considered before a decision is made.
The next step is organization. Manager should complete the details of the plan including distributed resources to departments, selected people to hold the project, set a timetable for the work. The final goal will cut into some short-term goals. Coordination is also a part of organization. Managers need to communicate with the people in the other companies to share information. Also, they hold presentation to answer the questions from the society. Manager needs to decide what the best allocation of resources and people is. And produced the best organizational structure which is "a formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinates and motives members so that they can work together to achieve organization goals" (Jones and George 2006, p.12). When a company is small, this function can be easily done. However, if the company is going bigger and stronger, the people need to work together. Then this is a very hard work to organize people to focus on the same target.
The third function is leading. Supervising is one of the uses of leading. According to Yurl (2006, p.29), this function can enhance the ability of workers. Providing training courses can strengthen the strong points and improve the weak points of the workers. Also, manager needs to coordinate the work activities, motivate and influence others, etc (Robbins 2012, p.9; Davidson et al. 2010, p.14). But managers should understand the problems that the workers had before they do anything. So, in this stage, communication is a very important thing.
The final one is controlling. This process is to ensure the three above functions undergoing correctly and smoothly. It keeps everything on track, prevents the bad products and collects the feedback from the users. Davidson et al. (2010, p.14) states that this function is essential to a successful management as it will gather data important for the planning process. For example, if Steve Job discovered that the iPod doesn't fit the environmental needed, he would definitely change his decision in the planning process.
In order to finish all the functions above, managers always need to play as many roles. According to Mintzberg's managerial roles, they can be classified into three main groups: interpersonal, informational and decisional. Interpersonal role includes figurehead, leader and liaison. These roles are mainly focus on dealing with people. As Davidson et al. (2010, p.18) wrote in the book "It involves people and other duties that are ceremonial and symbolic in nature." Informational role included the Spokesperson, monitor and disseminator. These roles are used to collect information from outside and inside the company and providing data to the society. Decisional role includes the entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator and negotiator. They are all important roles for completing the job.
Besides, different levels of managers need to have different skills. The top manager needs to have better conceptual skills because conceptual skill is the ability that managers use to understand and deal with the circumstance. Top manager always has to look at the whole company, the situation usually is extremely complicated. Unlike the front-line managers who are just managed a team. However, technical skills are more important for the front-line managers because their working area usually involved particular knowledge. According to Jones and George (2006, p. 25) and Davidson et al. (2010, p.20), Human skill, which is also known as interpersonal skill, is important for all level of managers. This is the skill about the ability to work in a group or independently. A company is a place for people to work together, that's why this is an essential skill for all level of managers.
In conclusion, management is a way to finish the job both effectively and efficiently. The process needs to be coordinated by three levels of managers, play different roles and contain different skills to complete. The four functions – planning, organizing, leading, controlling are needed to be done continuously and cyclically.
The reference list:
Robbins, Stephen, P, David, D, Mary, C & Megan, W 1943, Management: the essentials, Pearson Australia, Australia.
Davidson, P, Simon, A, Woods, P and Griffin, R 2010, Management Sydney, Wiley.
Yukl, Gary, A 2006, The nature of managerial work, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, N. J..
Jones, Gareth, R and George, Jennifer, M 2006, Contemporary management, 4th edn., McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Boston; New York.
「醫生，昨天我腳打球扭到，但是我立刻去找中醫師推拿治療；但是今天怎麼腫得像豬腳一樣，而且完全無法走路，怎麼辦！」「怎麼會越醫越糟糕？」。這是我們在門診最常見的對話，而那也代表我們對民眾的宣導教育不夠，導致錯誤的醫療，使病情更加嚴重！
那什麼是正確的急性扭傷(不管是足踝、手肘、背部的拉傷)處理步驟呢？如何才能阻止進一步的傷害進而能由正確的觀念使受傷部位能早日恢復原來的功能是今天我們所要闡述的重點！
首先，我們必須了解基本的受傷後組織變化，然後才能積極的去保護及治療受傷的部位。剛開始扭傷後，軟組織微血管會破裂，而有流血的現象，這使得受傷的組織因而腫脹，此時受傷組織部位壓力會增加，這時候便會感到疼痛，若這個時候再去推拿，會使組織更加腫脹造成惡性循環，因而復元時間更加延後及緩慢，這時儘速阻止並控制流血是非常重要的，那我們怎麼去處理比較好呢？
(一)找個地方先冷靜的坐下來評估受傷的部位：看 看是否有瘀血、腫脹，是否有傷口；功能是否受損？能否正常的活動，若有關節卡住或變形的現象則可能有骨折產生，需暫時以夾板固定後送醫治療。
(二)冷敷：它是一個最好的特效藥，不但「便宜」 而且十分的有效，冷敷使血管收縮，減少血流量，因而受傷部位較少腫脹，因此也比較不會有脹痛的現象，也使得後續受傷組織的癒合能更加快速。
而要如何冷敷呢？一般只要用毛巾包住冰袋放在腫脹的部位。一次三十分鐘，一天三至四次即可，若在冷敷時有麻木或四肢末端血液循環不良的現象就要暫停，一般冷敷要持續兩至三天。
(三)繃帶壓縮：它可使腫脹部位不會持續擴大，也促使身體組織溶血功能能夠較易發揮功效。
(四)抬高：把受傷部位抬高，比心臟部位高，這樣能減少血流及腫脹，休息兩天。
(五)復健：一般急性期過後大概已不會持續腫脹(三天左右)，這時我們必須使血塊能迅速從受傷部位消失，因此必須換成熱敷的動作，一般水溫維持在攝氏四十五度左右，時間跟次數如同冷敷一樣。
如此一來，我們便可以把受傷減輕到最低，也使得受傷部位能早日復原，當然若是嚴重的扭傷可能會有一些韌帶或肌腱的斷裂需要石膏因定或護具保護一段時間，這時候你就必須尋求骨科醫師的協助，或者脹痛無法忍受需要藥物幫忙治療，骨科醫師是很樂意幫忙的，當然希望大家能時時保護自己，不要受傷那才是上上策！。
正確處理扭傷的六大步驟
http://www.dryahoo.org.tw/%E6%AC%A1%E7%B6%B2%E9%A0%81/%E8%A1%9B%E6%95%99%E8%B5%B0%E5%BB%8A/%E5%BE%A9%E5%81%A5%E7%A7%91/%E6%89%AD%E5%82%B7%E8%99%95%E7%90%86.htm六大步驟是
1.先冰敷、
2.包紮、
3.休息及冰敷，再改為
4.熱敷、
5.伸展，
6.則必須耐心等待復原。如果運動後有肌肉酸痛的現象，可以施以熱敷及適當的按摩來解除疼痛。
肌肉拉傷扭傷後，應立即停止運動，以免傷勢加劇。即進行
第一個步驟：
對傷處局都冰敷，
每敷十至十五分鐘，一天重覆二至三次。
步驟二:
包紮，
一般人皆可自行使用彈性繃帶來包紮。
步驟三:
休息和冰敷，
四十八個小時內持續冰敷，一天三次，
並儘量避免移動受傷的肌肉，休息時將繃帶拆除讓傷處透氣。步驟四:
熱敷及乳膏按摩，
二天後，斷裂的肌肉纖維應已止血，可開始熱敷。
熱敷主要是促進血液循環，可以40度C 的熱水作十至二十分鐘的水療;
或以熱毛巾熱敷二至三十分鐘。
另可配合酸痛乳膏及按摩來增加療效。步驟五:
伸展/拉筋，
熱敷後應適當伸展受傷的肌肉，以免傷處發生緊繃的現象。步驟六:
等待復原，
耐心等待至傷處不再疼痛，才算復原，然後可以慢慢的增加運動量。
2012年11月02日
新聞 P.18
人在中環 - CK: 電郵無止境
跟舊朋友吃午飯，朋友把blackberry放在桌上。席間我看見那blackberry上的燈閃過不停。我忍不住問：「老友，查實你一日收幾多個email呢？」
「千幾個左右啩......」朋友說得輕鬆：「我其實自己都唔係好肯定個數目，不過我唔算多啦。我啲上司收得仲多呀。」
我假設一個人平均只用30秒去閱讀一個電郵，一日有一千封要讀的話，即是就要用上8個小時以上。一天的「官方」工作時間也不過是8個小時，難怪香港人的OT情況那麼嚴重。電郵是近20年才流行起來的工具，它的出現，為我們帶來很多方便。但當一件發明帶來太多方便，每個人事無大小有理無理都send一大堆電郵出去傳達消息，到達了一個人根本無法完全消化的地步，那麼這件「發明」還剩下多少價值？
「一千個電郵裡面，起碼有九百個你係唔會睇啦！」朋友說：「響大公司裡面工作，個個都怕孭鑊，所以為咗自保，凡親有乜稍有風險嘅動作，就電郵CC晒俾全世界。CC咗俾人，等於同人講：『嗱，我通知咗你啦，有乜事你唔好賴我呀』咁囉。電郵係推卸責任嘅工具之嘛。你唔用就笨啦。」
類似的講法，我聽過許多在大機構工作的人講過。經過多年的演進，「電郵」的真正價值，大概已從一個快速「互通消息」的工具，變成另類Black and White的自保工具。萬一遇上訴訟，這堆永遠都讀不完的電郵，分分鐘變成救命的呈堂證供。
周三、五刊登
本文章內容之版權由AM730所有。
